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This page presents how to work with Microsoft Excel 2007 features and its redesigned interface. You may also visit our Excel Question page.

   List of worksheet functions (alphabetical)

   List of worksheet functions (by category)

   Where is the help for the ANOVA function?



List of worksheet functions (alphabetical)

Click one of the links in the following list to see detailed help about the function.

A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J   K   L   M   N   O   P   Q   R   S   T   U   V   W   X   Y   Z

Function name

Type and description

ABS function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the absolute value of a number

ACCRINT function

Financial:  Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM function

Financial:  Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity

ACOS function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arccosine of a number

ACOSH function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

ADDRESS function

Lookup and reference:  Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet

AMORDEGRC function

Financial:  Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient

AMORLINC function

Financial:  Returns the depreciation for each accounting period

AND function

Logical:  Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE

AREAS function

Lookup and reference:  Returns the number of areas in a reference

ASC function

Text:  Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

ASIN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arcsine of a number

ASINH function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

ATAN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arctangent of a number

ATAN2 function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates

ATANH function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number

AVEDEV function

Statistical:  Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean

AVERAGE function

Statistical:  Returns the average of its arguments

AVERAGEA function

Statistical:  Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

AVERAGEIF function

Statistical:  Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria

AVERAGEIFS function

Statistical:  Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.

BAHTTEXT function

Text:  Converts a number to text, using the  (baht) currency format

BESSELI function

Engineering:  Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ function

Engineering:  Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK function

Engineering:  Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY function

Engineering:  Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)

BETADIST function

Statistical:  Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETAINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution

BIN2DEC function

Engineering:  Converts a binary number to decimal

BIN2HEX function

Engineering:  Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT function

Engineering:  Converts a binary number to octal

BINOMDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

CALL function

Add-in and Automation:  Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource

CEILING function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

CELL function

Information:  Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell

CHAR function

Text:  Returns the character specified by the code number

CHIDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHIINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHITEST function

Statistical:  Returns the test for independence

CHOOSE function

Lookup and reference:  Chooses a value from a list of values

CLEAN function

Text:  Removes all nonprintable characters from text

CODE function

Text:  Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string

COLUMN function

Lookup and reference:  Returns the column number of a reference

COLUMNS function

Lookup and reference:  Returns the number of columns in a reference

COMBIN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects

COMPLEX function

Engineering:  Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number

CONCATENATE function

Text:  Joins several text items into one text item

CONFIDENCE function

Statistical:  Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

CONVERT function

Engineering:  Converts a number from one measurement system to another

CORREL function

Statistical:  Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets

COS function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the cosine of a number

COSH function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

COUNT function

Statistical:  Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments

COUNTA function

Statistical:  Counts how many values are in the list of arguments

COUNTBLANK function

Statistical:  Counts the number of blank cells within a range

COUNTIF function

Statistical:  Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria

COUNTIFS function

Statistical:  Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria

COUPDAYBS function

Financial:  Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date

COUPDAYS function

Financial:  Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date

COUPDAYSNC function

Financial:  Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date

COUPNCD function

Financial:  Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM function

Financial:  Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date

COUPPCD function

Financial:  Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date

COVAR function

Statistical:  Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

CRITBINOM function

Statistical:  Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

CUBEKPIMEMBER function

Cube:  Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.

CUBEMEMBER function

Cube:  Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY function

Cube:  Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.

CUBERANKEDMEMBER function

Cube:  Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.

CUBESET function

Cube:  Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.

CUBESETCOUNT function

Cube:  Returns the number of items in a set.

CUBEVALUE function

Cube:  Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

CUMIPMT function

Financial:  Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods

CUMPRINC function

Financial:  Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods

DATE function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of a particular date

DATEVALUE function

Date and time:  Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number

DAVERAGE function

Database:  Returns the average of selected database entries

DAY function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a day of the month

DAYS360 function

Date and time:  Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year

DB function

Financial:  Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method

DCOUNT function

Database:  Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database

DCOUNTA function

Database:  Counts nonblank cells in a database

DDB function

Financial:  Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify

DEC2BIN function

Engineering:  Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX function

Engineering:  Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT function

Engineering:  Converts a decimal number to octal

DEGREES function

Math and trigonometry:  Converts radians to degrees

DELTA function

Engineering:  Tests whether two values are equal

DEVSQ function

Statistical:  Returns the sum of squares of deviations

DGET function

Database:  Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria

DISC function

Financial:  Returns the discount rate for a security

DMAX function

Database:  Returns the maximum value from selected database entries

DMIN function

Database:  Returns the minimum value from selected database entries

DOLLAR function

Text:  Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format

DOLLARDE function

Financial:  Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR function

Financial:  Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction

DPRODUCT function

Database:  Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database

DSTDEV function

Database:  Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries

DSTDEVP function

Database:  Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries

DSUM function

Database:  Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria

DURATION function

Financial:  Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

DVAR function

Database:  Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries

DVARP function

Database:  Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries

EDATE function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date

EFFECT function

Financial:  Returns the effective annual interest rate

EOMONTH function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months

ERF function

Engineering:  Returns the error function

ERFC function

Engineering:  Returns the complementary error function

ERROR.TYPE function

Information:  Returns a number corresponding to an error type

EUROCONVERT function

Add-in and Automation:  Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation).

EVEN function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer

EXACT function

Text:  Checks to see if two text values are identical

EXP function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns e raised to the power of a given number

EXPONDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the exponential distribution

FACT function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the factorial of a number

FACTDOUBLE function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the double factorial of a number

FALSE function

Logical:  Returns the logical value FALSE

FDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the F probability distribution

FIND, FINDB functions

Text:  Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)

FINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

FISHER function

Statistical:  Returns the Fisher transformation

FISHERINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation

FIXED function

Text:  Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals

FLOOR function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number down, toward zero

FORECAST function

Statistical:  Returns a value along a linear trend

FREQUENCY function

Statistical:  Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array

FTEST function

Statistical:  

FV function

Financial:  Returns the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE function

Financial:  Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates

GAMMADIST function

Statistical:  Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMAINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

GAMMALN function

Statistical:  Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, ֳ(x)

GCD function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the greatest common divisor

GEOMEAN function

Statistical:  Returns the geometric mean

GESTEP function

Engineering:  Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value

GETPIVOTDATA function

Add-in and Automation:  Returns data stored in a PivotTable report

GROWTH function

Statistical:  Returns values along an exponential trend

HARMEAN function

Statistical:  Returns the harmonic mean

HEX2BIN function

Engineering:  Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC function

Engineering:  Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal

HEX2OCT function

Engineering:  Converts a hexadecimal number to octal

HLOOKUP function

Lookup and reference:  Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell

HOUR function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to an hour

HYPERLINK function

Lookup and reference:  Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet

HYPGEOMDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the hypergeometric distribution

IF function

Logical:  Specifies a logical test to perform

IFERROR function

Logical:  Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula

IMABS function

Engineering:  Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number

IMAGINARY function

Engineering:  Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT function

Engineering:  Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians

IMCONJUGATE function

Engineering:  Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number

IMCOS function

Engineering:  Returns the cosine of a complex number

IMDIV function

Engineering:  Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

IMEXP function

Engineering:  Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN function

Engineering:  Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG10 function

Engineering:  Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG2 function

Engineering:  Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number

IMPOWER function

Engineering:  Returns a complex number raised to an integer power

IMPRODUCT function

Engineering:  Returns the product of complex numbers

IMREAL function

Engineering:  Returns the real coefficient of a complex number

IMSIN function

Engineering:  Returns the sine of a complex number

IMSQRT function

Engineering:  Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB function

Engineering:  Returns the difference between two complex numbers

IMSUM function

Engineering:  Returns the sum of complex numbers

INDEX function

Lookup and reference:  Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array

INDIRECT function

Lookup and reference:  Returns a reference indicated by a text value

INFO function

Information:  Returns information about the current operating environment

INT function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

INTERCEPT function

Statistical:  Returns the intercept of the linear regression line

INTRATE function

Financial:  Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security

IPMT function

Financial:  Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR function

Financial:  Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

IS functions

Provides comprehensive information about the individual functions shown in the list on the right.

Information:  For each of the following functions, returns TRUE based on the specified condition.

ISBLANK  Returns TRUE if the value is blank

ISERR  Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A

ISERROR  Returns TRUE if the value is any error value

ISEVEN  Returns TRUE if the number is even

ISLOGICAL  Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value

ISNA  Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value

ISNONTEXT  Returns TRUE if the value is not text

ISNUMBER  Returns TRUE if the value is a number

ISODD  Returns TRUE if the number is odd

ISREF  Returns TRUE if the value is a reference

ISTEXT  Returns TRUE if the value is text

ISPMT function

Financial:  Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment

JIS function

Text:  Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

KURT function

Statistical:  Returns the kurtosis of a data set

LARGE function

Statistical:  Returns the k-th largest value in a data set

LCM function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the least common multiple

LEFT, LEFTB functions

Text:  Returns the leftmost characters from a text value

LEN, LENB functions

Text:  Returns the number of characters in a text string

LINEST function

Statistical:  Returns the parameters of a linear trend

LN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the natural logarithm of a number

LOG function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base

LOG10 function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number

LOGEST function

Statistical:  Returns the parameters of an exponential trend

LOGINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution

LOGNORMDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

LOOKUP function

Lookup and reference:  Looks up values in a vector or array

LOWER function

Text:  Converts text to lowercase

MATCH function

Lookup and reference:  Looks up values in a reference or array

MAX function

Statistical:  Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments

MAXA function

Statistical:  Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MDETERM function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the matrix determinant of an array

MDURATION function

Financial:  Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100

MEDIAN function

Statistical:  Returns the median of the given numbers

MID, MIDB functions

Text:  Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify

MIN function

Statistical:  Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments

MINA function

Statistical:  Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MINUTE function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a minute

MINVERSE function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the matrix inverse of an array

MIRR function

Financial:  Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates

MMULT function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the matrix product of two arrays

MOD function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the remainder from division

MODE function

Statistical:  Returns the most common value in a data set

MONTH function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a month

MROUND function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple

MULTINOMIAL function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers

N function

Information:  Returns a value converted to a number

NA function

Information:  Returns the error value #N/A

NEGBINOMDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the negative binomial distribution

NETWORKDAYS function

Date and time:  Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates

NOMINAL function

Financial:  Returns the annual nominal interest rate

NORMDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORMINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORMSDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORMSINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

NOT function

Logical:  Reverses the logic of its argument

NOW function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the current date and time

NPER function

Financial:  Returns the number of periods for an investment

NPV function

Financial:  Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate

OCT2BIN function

Engineering:  Converts an octal number to binary

OCT2DEC function

Engineering:  Converts an octal number to decimal

OCT2HEX function

Engineering:  Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

ODD function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer

ODDFPRICE function

Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

ODDFYIELD function

Financial:  Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE function

Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

ODDLYIELD function

Financial:  Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

OFFSET function

Lookup and reference:  Returns a reference offset from a given reference

OR function

Logical:  Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE

PEARSON function

Statistical:  Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

PERCENTILE function

Statistical:  Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTRANK function

Statistical:  Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

PERMUT function

Statistical:  Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects

PHONETIC function

Text:  Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

PI function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the value of pi

PMT function

Financial:  Returns the periodic payment for an annuity

POISSON function

Statistical:  Returns the Poisson distribution

POWER function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the result of a number raised to a power

PPMT function

Financial:  Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period

PRICE function

Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest

PRICEDISC function

Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT function

Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity

PROB function

Statistical:  Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits

PRODUCT function

Math and trigonometry:  Multiplies its arguments

PROPER function

Text:  Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value

PV function

Financial:  Returns the present value of an investment

QUARTILE function

Statistical:  Returns the quartile of a data set

QUOTIENT function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the integer portion of a division

RADIANS function

Math and trigonometry:  Converts degrees to radians

RAND function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns a random number between 0 and 1

RANDBETWEEN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns a random number between the numbers you specify

RANK function

Statistical:  Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RATE function

Financial:  Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED function

Financial:  Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security

REGISTER.ID function

Add-in and Automation:  Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered

REPLACE, REPLACEB functions

Text:  Replaces characters within text

REPT function

Text:  Repeats text a given number of times

RIGHT, RIGHTB functions

Text:  Returns the rightmost characters from a text value

ROMAN function

Math and trigonometry:  Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text

ROUND function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDDOWN function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number down, toward zero

ROUNDUP function

Math and trigonometry:  Rounds a number up, away from zero

ROW function

Lookup and reference:  Returns the row number of a reference

ROWS function

Lookup and reference:  Returns the number of rows in a reference

RSQ function

Statistical:  Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

RTD function

Lookup and reference:  Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation (Automation: A way to work with an application's objects from another application or development tool. Formerly called OLE Automation, Automation is an industry standard and a feature of the Component Object Model (COM).)

SEARCH, SEARCHB functions

Text:  Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)

SECOND function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a second

SERIESSUM function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula

SIGN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sign of a number

SIN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sine of the given angle

SINH function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number

SKEW function

Statistical:  Returns the skewness of a distribution

SLN function

Financial:  Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SLOPE function

Statistical:  Returns the slope of the linear regression line

SMALL function

Statistical:  Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set

SQL.REQUEST function

Add-in and Automation:  Connects with an external data source and runs a query from a worksheet, then returns the result as an array without the need for macro programming

SQRT function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns a positive square root

SQRTPI function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the square root of (number * pi)

STANDARDIZE function

Statistical:  Returns a normalized value

STDEV function

Statistical:  Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVA function

Statistical:  Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

STDEVP function

Statistical:  Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

STDEVPA function

Statistical:  Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

STEYX function

Statistical:  Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression

SUBSTITUTE function

Text:  Substitutes new text for old text in a text string

SUBTOTAL function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns a subtotal in a list or database

SUM function

Math and trigonometry:  Adds its arguments

SUMIF function

Math and trigonometry:  Adds the cells specified by a given criteria

SUMIFS function

Math and trigonometry:  Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria

SUMPRODUCT function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components

SUMSQ function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments

SUMX2MY2 function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMX2PY2 function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMXMY2 function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays

SYD function

Financial:  Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

T function

Text:  Converts its arguments to text

TAN function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the tangent of a number

TANH function

Math and trigonometry:  Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number

TBILLEQ function

Financial:  Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

TBILLPRICE function

Financial:  Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill

TBILLYIELD function

Financial:  Returns the yield for a Treasury bill

TDIST function

Statistical:  Returns the Student's t-distribution

TEXT function

Text:  Formats a number and converts it to text

TIME function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of a particular time

TIMEVALUE function

Date and time:  Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number

TINV function

Statistical:  Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

TODAY function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of today's date

TRANSPOSE function

Lookup and reference:  Returns the transpose of an array

TREND function

Statistical:  Returns values along a linear trend

TRIM function

Text:  Removes spaces from text

TRIMMEAN function

Statistical:  Returns the mean of the interior of a data set

TRUE function

Logical:  Returns the logical value TRUE

TRUNC function

Math and trigonometry:  Truncates a number to an integer

TTEST function

Statistical:  Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

TYPE function

Information:  Returns a number indicating the data type of a value

UPPER function

Text:  Converts text to uppercase

VALUE function

Text:  Converts a text argument to a number

VAR function

Statistical:  Estimates variance based on a sample

VARA function

Statistical:  Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

VARP function

Statistical:  Calculates variance based on the entire population

VARPA function

Statistical:  Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

VDB function

Financial:  Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method

VLOOKUP function

Lookup and reference:  Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell

WEEKDAY function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEEKNUM function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year

WEIBULL function

Statistical:  Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

WORKDAY function

Date and time:  Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays

XIRR function

Financial:  Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

XNPV function

Financial:  Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

YEAR function

Date and time:  Converts a serial number to a year

YEARFRAC function

Date and time:  Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date

YIELD function

Financial:  Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC function

Financial:  Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill

YIELDMAT function

Financial:  Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity

ZTEST function

Statistical:  Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test





Excel > Function reference

List of worksheet functions (by category)

Tags  add-in; automate; cube; database; functions; IF function; information; join; lookup; math; reference; text; vlookup

What are tags?

The following sections list all of the worksheet functions by category.

In this article

Add-in and Automation functions

Cube functions

Database functions

Date and time functions

Engineering functions

Financial functions

Information functions

Logical functions

Lookup and reference functions

Math and trigonometry functions

Statistical functions

Text functions

Add-in and Automation functions

Function

Description

CALL

Calls a procedure in a dynamic link library or code resource

EUROCONVERT

Converts a number to euros, converts a number from euros to a euro member currency, or converts a number from one euro member currency to another by using the euro as an intermediary (triangulation)

GETPIVOTDATA

Returns data stored in a PivotTable report

REGISTER.ID

Returns the register ID of the specified dynamic link library (DLL) or code resource that has been previously registered

SQL.REQUEST

Connects with an external data source and runs a query from a worksheet, then returns the result as an array without the need for macro programming

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Cube functions

Function

Description

CUBEKPIMEMBER

Returns a key performance indicator (KPI) name, property, and measure, and displays the name and property in the cell. A KPI is a quantifiable measurement, such as monthly gross profit or quarterly employee turnover, used to monitor an organization's performance.

CUBEMEMBER

Returns a member or tuple in a cube hierarchy. Use to validate that the member or tuple exists in the cube.

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY

Returns the value of a member property in the cube. Use to validate that a member name exists within the cube and to return the specified property for this member.

CUBERANKEDMEMBER

Returns the nth, or ranked, member in a set. Use to return one or more elements in a set, such as the top sales performer or top 10 students.

CUBESET

Defines a calculated set of members or tuples by sending a set expression to the cube on the server, which creates the set, and then returns that set to Microsoft Office Excel.

CUBESETCOUNT

Returns the number of items in a set.

CUBEVALUE

Returns an aggregated value from a cube.

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Database functions

Function

Description

DAVERAGE

Returns the average of selected database entries

DCOUNT

Counts the cells that contain numbers in a database

DCOUNTA

Counts nonblank cells in a database

DGET

Extracts from a database a single record that matches the specified criteria

DMAX

Returns the maximum value from selected database entries

DMIN

Returns the minimum value from selected database entries

DPRODUCT

Multiplies the values in a particular field of records that match the criteria in a database

DSTDEV

Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample of selected database entries

DSTDEVP

Calculates the standard deviation based on the entire population of selected database entries

DSUM

Adds the numbers in the field column of records in the database that match the criteria

DVAR

Estimates variance based on a sample from selected database entries

DVARP

Calculates variance based on the entire population of selected database entries

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Date and time functions

Function

Description

DATE

Returns the serial number of a particular date

DATEVALUE

Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number

DAY

Converts a serial number to a day of the month

DAYS360

Calculates the number of days between two dates based on a 360-day year

EDATE

Returns the serial number of the date that is the indicated number of months before or after the start date

EOMONTH

Returns the serial number of the last day of the month before or after a specified number of months

HOUR

Converts a serial number to an hour

MINUTE

Converts a serial number to a minute

MONTH

Converts a serial number to a month

NETWORKDAYS

Returns the number of whole workdays between two dates

NOW

Returns the serial number of the current date and time

SECOND

Converts a serial number to a second

TIME

Returns the serial number of a particular time

TIMEVALUE

Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number

TODAY

Returns the serial number of today's date

WEEKDAY

Converts a serial number to a day of the week

WEEKNUM

Converts a serial number to a number representing where the week falls numerically with a year

WORKDAY

Returns the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays

YEAR

Converts a serial number to a year

YEARFRAC

Returns the year fraction representing the number of whole days between start_date and end_date

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Engineering functions

Function

Description

BESSELI

Returns the modified Bessel function In(x)

BESSELJ

Returns the Bessel function Jn(x)

BESSELK

Returns the modified Bessel function Kn(x)

BESSELY

Returns the Bessel function Yn(x)

BIN2DEC

Converts a binary number to decimal

BIN2HEX

Converts a binary number to hexadecimal

BIN2OCT

Converts a binary number to octal

COMPLEX

Converts real and imaginary coefficients into a complex number

CONVERT

Converts a number from one measurement system to another

DEC2BIN

Converts a decimal number to binary

DEC2HEX

Converts a decimal number to hexadecimal

DEC2OCT

Converts a decimal number to octal

DELTA

Tests whether two values are equal

ERF

Returns the error function

ERFC

Returns the complementary error function

GESTEP

Tests whether a number is greater than a threshold value

HEX2BIN

Converts a hexadecimal number to binary

HEX2DEC

Converts a hexadecimal number to decimal

HEX2OCT

Converts a hexadecimal number to octal

IMABS

Returns the absolute value (modulus) of a complex number

IMAGINARY

Returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex number

IMARGUMENT

Returns the argument theta, an angle expressed in radians

IMCONJUGATE

Returns the complex conjugate of a complex number

IMCOS

Returns the cosine of a complex number

IMDIV

Returns the quotient of two complex numbers

IMEXP

Returns the exponential of a complex number

IMLN

Returns the natural logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number

IMLOG2

Returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number

IMPOWER

Returns a complex number raised to an integer power

IMPRODUCT

Returns the product of complex numbers

IMREAL

Returns the real coefficient of a complex number

IMSIN

Returns the sine of a complex number

IMSQRT

Returns the square root of a complex number

IMSUB

Returns the difference between two complex numbers

IMSUM

Returns the sum of complex numbers

OCT2BIN

Converts an octal number to binary

OCT2DEC

Converts an octal number to decimal

OCT2HEX

Converts an octal number to hexadecimal

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Financial functions

Function

Description

ACCRINT

Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM

Returns the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity

AMORDEGRC

Returns the depreciation for each accounting period by using a depreciation coefficient

AMORLINC

Returns the depreciation for each accounting period

COUPDAYBS

Returns the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date

COUPDAYS

Returns the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date

COUPDAYSNC

Returns the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date

COUPNCD

Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM

Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date

COUPPCD

Returns the previous coupon date before the settlement date

CUMIPMT

Returns the cumulative interest paid between two periods

CUMPRINC

Returns the cumulative principal paid on a loan between two periods

DB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the fixed-declining balance method

DDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period by using the double-declining balance method or some other method that you specify

DISC

Returns the discount rate for a security

DOLLARDE

Converts a dollar price, expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number

DOLLARFR

Converts a dollar price, expressed as a decimal number, into a dollar price, expressed as a fraction

DURATION

Returns the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

EFFECT

Returns the effective annual interest rate

FV

Returns the future value of an investment

FVSCHEDULE

Returns the future value of an initial principal after applying a series of compound interest rates

INTRATE

Returns the interest rate for a fully invested security

IPMT

Returns the interest payment for an investment for a given period

IRR

Returns the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

ISPMT

Calculates the interest paid during a specific period of an investment

MDURATION

Returns the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100

MIRR

Returns the internal rate of return where positive and negative cash flows are financed at different rates

NOMINAL

Returns the annual nominal interest rate

NPER

Returns the number of periods for an investment

NPV

Returns the net present value of an investment based on a series of periodic cash flows and a discount rate

ODDFPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

ODDFYIELD

Returns the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

ODDLYIELD

Returns the yield of a security with an odd last period

PMT

Returns the periodic payment for an annuity

PPMT

Returns the payment on the principal for an investment for a given period

PRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest

PRICEDISC

Returns the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT

Returns the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity

PV

Returns the present value of an investment

RATE

Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity

RECEIVED

Returns the amount received at maturity for a fully invested security

SLN

Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD

Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

TBILLEQ

Returns the bond-equivalent yield for a Treasury bill

TBILLPRICE

Returns the price per $100 face value for a Treasury bill

TBILLYIELD

Returns the yield for a Treasury bill

VDB

Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified or partial period by using a declining balance method

XIRR

Returns the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

XNPV

Returns the net present value for a schedule of cash flows that is not necessarily periodic

YIELD

Returns the yield on a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC

Returns the annual yield for a discounted security; for example, a Treasury bill

YIELDMAT

Returns the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity

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Information functions

Function

Description

CELL

Returns information about the formatting, location, or contents of a cell

ERROR.TYPE

Returns a number corresponding to an error type

INFO

Returns information about the current operating environment

ISBLANK

Returns TRUE if the value is blank

ISERR

Returns TRUE if the value is any error value except #N/A

ISERROR

Returns TRUE if the value is any error value

ISEVEN

Returns TRUE if the number is even

ISLOGICAL

Returns TRUE if the value is a logical value

ISNA

Returns TRUE if the value is the #N/A error value

ISNONTEXT

Returns TRUE if the value is not text

ISNUMBER

Returns TRUE if the value is a number

ISODD

Returns TRUE if the number is odd

ISREF

Returns TRUE if the value is a reference

ISTEXT

Returns TRUE if the value is text

N

Returns a value converted to a number

NA

Returns the error value #N/A

TYPE

Returns a number indicating the data type of a value

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Logical functions

Function

Description

AND

Returns TRUE if all of its arguments are TRUE

FALSE

Returns the logical value FALSE

IF

Specifies a logical test to perform

IFERROR

Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula

NOT

Reverses the logic of its argument

OR

Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE

TRUE

Returns the logical value TRUE

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Lookup and reference functions

Function

Description

ADDRESS

Returns a reference as text to a single cell in a worksheet

AREAS

Returns the number of areas in a reference

CHOOSE

Chooses a value from a list of values

COLUMN

Returns the column number of a reference

COLUMNS

Returns the number of columns in a reference

HLOOKUP

Looks in the top row of an array and returns the value of the indicated cell

HYPERLINK

Creates a shortcut or jump that opens a document stored on a network server, an intranet, or the Internet

INDEX

Uses an index to choose a value from a reference or array

INDIRECT

Returns a reference indicated by a text value

LOOKUP

Looks up values in a vector or array

MATCH

Looks up values in a reference or array

OFFSET

Returns a reference offset from a given reference

ROW

Returns the row number of a reference

ROWS

Returns the number of rows in a reference

RTD

Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation (Automation: A way to work with an application's objects from another application or development tool. Formerly called OLE Automation, Automation is an industry standard and a feature of the Component Object Model (COM).)

TRANSPOSE

Returns the transpose of an array

VLOOKUP

Looks in the first column of an array and moves across the row to return the value of a cell

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Math and trigonometry functions

Function

Description

ABS

Returns the absolute value of a number

ACOS

Returns the arccosine of a number

ACOSH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number

ASIN

Returns the arcsine of a number

ASINH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number

ATAN

Returns the arctangent of a number

ATAN2

Returns the arctangent from x- and y-coordinates

ATANH

Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number

CEILING

Rounds a number to the nearest integer or to the nearest multiple of significance

COMBIN

Returns the number of combinations for a given number of objects

COS

Returns the cosine of a number

COSH

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

DEGREES

Converts radians to degrees

EVEN

Rounds a number up to the nearest even integer

EXP

Returns e raised to the power of a given number

FACT

Returns the factorial of a number

FACTDOUBLE

Returns the double factorial of a number

FLOOR

Rounds a number down, toward zero

GCD

Returns the greatest common divisor

INT

Rounds a number down to the nearest integer

LCM

Returns the least common multiple

LN

Returns the natural logarithm of a number

LOG

Returns the logarithm of a number to a specified base

LOG10

Returns the base-10 logarithm of a number

MDETERM

Returns the matrix determinant of an array

MINVERSE

Returns the matrix inverse of an array

MMULT

Returns the matrix product of two arrays

MOD

Returns the remainder from division

MROUND

Returns a number rounded to the desired multiple

MULTINOMIAL

Returns the multinomial of a set of numbers

ODD

Rounds a number up to the nearest odd integer

PI

Returns the value of pi

POWER

Returns the result of a number raised to a power

PRODUCT

Multiplies its arguments

QUOTIENT

Returns the integer portion of a division

RADIANS

Converts degrees to radians

RAND

Returns a random number between 0 and 1

RANDBETWEEN

Returns a random number between the numbers you specify

ROMAN

Converts an arabic numeral to roman, as text

ROUND

Rounds a number to a specified number of digits

ROUNDDOWN

Rounds a number down, toward zero

ROUNDUP

Rounds a number up, away from zero

SERIESSUM

Returns the sum of a power series based on the formula

SIGN

Returns the sign of a number

SIN

Returns the sine of the given angle

SINH

Returns the hyperbolic sine of a number

SQRT

Returns a positive square root

SQRTPI

Returns the square root of (number * pi)

SUBTOTAL

Returns a subtotal in a list or database

SUM

Adds its arguments

SUMIF

Adds the cells specified by a given criteria

SUMIFS

Adds the cells in a range that meet multiple criteria

SUMPRODUCT

Returns the sum of the products of corresponding array components

SUMSQ

Returns the sum of the squares of the arguments

SUMX2MY2

Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMX2PY2

Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two arrays

SUMXMY2

Returns the sum of squares of differences of corresponding values in two arrays

TAN

Returns the tangent of a number

TANH

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of a number

TRUNC

Truncates a number to an integer

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Statistical functions

Function

Description

AVEDEV

Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean

AVERAGE

Returns the average of its arguments

AVERAGEA

Returns the average of its arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

AVERAGEIF

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria

AVERAGEIFS

Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all cells that meet multiple criteria.

BETADIST

Returns the beta cumulative distribution function

BETAINV

Returns the inverse of the cumulative distribution function for a specified beta distribution

BINOMDIST

Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability

CHIDIST

Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHIINV

Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution

CHITEST

Returns the test for independence

CONFIDENCE

Returns the confidence interval for a population mean

CORREL

Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets

COUNT

Counts how many numbers are in the list of arguments

COUNTA

Counts how many values are in the list of arguments

COUNTBLANK

Counts the number of blank cells within a range

COUNTIF

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet the given criteria

COUNTIFS

Counts the number of cells within a range that meet multiple criteria

COVAR

Returns covariance, the average of the products of paired deviations

CRITBINOM

Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is less than or equal to a criterion value

DEVSQ

Returns the sum of squares of deviations

EXPONDIST

Returns the exponential distribution

FDIST

Returns the F probability distribution

FINV

Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution

FISHER

Returns the Fisher transformation

FISHERINV

Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation

FORECAST

Returns a value along a linear trend

FREQUENCY

Returns a frequency distribution as a vertical array

FTEST

Returns the result of an F-test

GAMMADIST

Returns the gamma distribution

GAMMAINV

Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution

GAMMALN

Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function, ֳ(x)

GEOMEAN

Returns the geometric mean

GROWTH

Returns values along an exponential trend

HARMEAN

Returns the harmonic mean

HYPGEOMDIST

Returns the hypergeometric distribution

INTERCEPT

Returns the intercept of the linear regression line

KURT

Returns the kurtosis of a data set

LARGE

Returns the k-th largest value in a data set

LINEST

Returns the parameters of a linear trend

LOGEST

Returns the parameters of an exponential trend

LOGINV

Returns the inverse of the lognormal distribution

LOGNORMDIST

Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution

MAX

Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments

MAXA

Returns the maximum value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MEDIAN

Returns the median of the given numbers

MIN

Returns the minimum value in a list of arguments

MINA

Returns the smallest value in a list of arguments, including numbers, text, and logical values

MODE

Returns the most common value in a data set

NEGBINOMDIST

Returns the negative binomial distribution

NORMDIST

Returns the normal cumulative distribution

NORMINV

Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution

NORMSDIST

Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution

NORMSINV

Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution

PEARSON

Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

PERCENTILE

Returns the k-th percentile of values in a range

PERCENTRANK

Returns the percentage rank of a value in a data set

PERMUT

Returns the number of permutations for a given number of objects

POISSON

Returns the Poisson distribution

PROB

Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits

QUARTILE

Returns the quartile of a data set

RANK

Returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers

RSQ

Returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient

SKEW

Returns the skewness of a distribution

SLOPE

Returns the slope of the linear regression line

SMALL

Returns the k-th smallest value in a data set

STANDARDIZE

Returns a normalized value

STDEV

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample

STDEVA

Estimates standard deviation based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

STDEVP

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population

STDEVPA

Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

STEYX

Returns the standard error of the predicted y-value for each x in the regression

TDIST

Returns the Student's t-distribution

TINV

Returns the inverse of the Student's t-distribution

TREND

Returns values along a linear trend

TRIMMEAN

Returns the mean of the interior of a data set

TTEST

Returns the probability associated with a Student's t-test

VAR

Estimates variance based on a sample

VARA

Estimates variance based on a sample, including numbers, text, and logical values

VARP

Calculates variance based on the entire population

VARPA

Calculates variance based on the entire population, including numbers, text, and logical values

WEIBULL

Returns the Weibull distribution

ZTEST

Returns the one-tailed probability-value of a z-test

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Text functions

Function

Description

ASC

Changes full-width (double-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to half-width (single-byte) characters

BAHTTEXT

Converts a number to text, using the  (baht) currency format

CHAR

Returns the character specified by the code number

CLEAN

Removes all nonprintable characters from text

CODE

Returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string

CONCATENATE

Joins several text items into one text item

DOLLAR

Converts a number to text, using the $ (dollar) currency format

EXACT

Checks to see if two text values are identical

FIND, FINDB

Finds one text value within another (case-sensitive)

FIXED

Formats a number as text with a fixed number of decimals

JIS

Changes half-width (single-byte) English letters or katakana within a character string to full-width (double-byte) characters

LEFT, LEFTB

Returns the leftmost characters from a text value

LEN, LENB

Returns the number of characters in a text string

LOWER

Converts text to lowercase

MID, MIDB

Returns a specific number of characters from a text string starting at the position you specify

PHONETIC

Extracts the phonetic (furigana) characters from a text string

PROPER

Capitalizes the first letter in each word of a text value

REPLACE, REPLACEB

Replaces characters within text

REPT

Repeats text a given number of times

RIGHT, RIGHTB

Returns the rightmost characters from a text value

SEARCH, SEARCHB

Finds one text value within another (not case-sensitive)

SUBSTITUTE

Substitutes new text for old text in a text string

T

Converts its arguments to text

TEXT

Formats a number and converts it to text

TRIM

Removes spaces from text

UPPER

Converts text to uppercase

VALUE

Converts a text argument to a number

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Related Office Online discussions

Read related questions and answers from other Microsoft Office customers.


See Also




Excel > Function reference

Where is the help for the ANOVA function?

Symptoms

You cannot find the Help for the ANOVA function.

Cause

In Microsoft Office Excel, there is no built-in ANOVA function or corresponding Help.

Resolution

Although there is no ANOVA function, there are several Anova tools in the the Analysis ToolPak, along with other tools, that help you perform a wide variety of statistical and engineering analysis tasks.

For more information about how to load and use the Analysis ToolPak, see Perform statistical and engineering analysis with the Analysis ToolPak.


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